If eating triggers pain, it could be your gallbladder

by Dr Sumeet Toshniwal, General surgery, Upper Gastrointestinal surgery and Endoscopy

About Gallbladder Conditions
The gallbladder is a small organ that stores bile, a fluid produced by the liver to help digest fats. Gallbladder problems most commonly involve gallstones - hardened deposits that can interfere with the normal flow of bile. Gallstones may or may not cause symptoms.

Common gallbladder conditions include:

Biliary colic – intermittent abdominal pain caused by temporary blockage of bile flow
Cholecystitis – inflammation of the gallbladder, often associated with gallstones
Gallstone pancreatitis – inflammation of the pancreas triggered by gallstones
Gallbladder polyps – growths within the lining of the gallbladder
Asymptomatic gallstones – gallstones discovered incidentally without symptoms

Symptoms can vary and may include:

upper abdominal pain (often after eating),
nausea,
vomiting,
bloating, or
fever.

Some people may experience no symptoms at all.

When Is Surgery Considered?
Surgical removal of the gallbladder (laparoscopic cholecystectomy) may be recommended where clinically appropriate. This can include, but is not limited to, the following situations:

Recurrent biliary colic or cholecystitis with ultrasound evidence of multiple gallstones
Cholecystitis caused by an impacted gallstone in the neck of the gallbladder, which may increase the risk of infection or other complications
Asymptomatic gallstones measuring 1 cm or larger, identified incidentally
Gallbladder polyps measuring 1 cm or larger Polyps smaller than 1 cm are often monitored with periodic ultrasound examinations
Gallstone pancreatitis, to help reduce the risk of recurrence

The decision to proceed with surgery depends on imaging findings, symptoms, overall health, and individual preferences. Your surgeon will
discuss whether surgery is appropriate for you.

About the Procedure
Laparoscopic cholecystectomy is a commonly performed operation using minimally invasive (keyhole) techniques.
General features may include:

Small incisions, typically using a four port approach
Reduced post operative pain compared to open surgery
Faster recovery time for many patients
May be performed as a day procedure in selected cases
Most people return to normal activities within approximately one week

All surgical procedures carry risks. Your surgeon will explain the potential risks and benefits relevant to your individual situation.

Preparing for Your Appointment
To assist with your assessment, you may be asked to bring:

A valid GP referral
Imaging reports (ultrasound and CT scan if performed) Note: Not all gallstones are visible on CT scans
Recent blood test results, if available.

A range of tests may be required depending on your symptoms and medical history.

Final Notes
Gallbladder surgery is a common procedure and is generally well tolerated. Early medical assessment is important, particularly if symptoms
such as persistent abdominal pain, fever, or digestive issues occur. Timely evaluation and management may help reduce the risk of complications and support long term wellbeing.

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